The struggle for urban livelihoods and the quest for a functional city

Reconciling informal and statutory planning institutions in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Under the impact of globalisation Bangladesh is rapidly urbanising. By 2020 almost half of the population of Bangladesh will live in urban areas. The metropolitan area of Dhaka will come under intensive pressure to provide land for additional housing considering the restrictions set by flood hazards. The shrinking supply of land suitable for urban development will further increase building densities in informal inner city settlements where the poor are seeking access to urban livelihoods.

In the pursuance of livelihoods the urban poor run the risk to sacrifice the functionality of the city by blocking vehicular access, encroaching upon land reserved for public infrastructure, threatening public health and settling on flood-prone land. The statutory planning system is, however, ill equipped to establish an appropriate balance between the vital interests of individual households and enterprises on the one hand and public welfare on the other.

The proposed project is based on the proposition that the interface between statutory planning and ‘social regulation’ at the grass-roots has to be developed in order to achieve more sustainable patterns of urban growth. Information on future states of the city derived from urban growth visualisations at the settlement level and communicated in scenarios will be shared with both informal orgamizations and the statutory planning system in participatory procedures.

Research team

at the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Spatial Planning, Universität Dortmund

project speaker: Prof'in Dr.-Ing. Sabine Baumgart

project coordinator: Prof. Dr. Volker Kreibich

research associate: Dipl.-Ing. Shahadat Hossain

research associate: Dipl.-Ing. Kirsten Hackenbroch

student assitant: cand.-Ing. Maarit Benson

student assistant: cand.-Ing. Sonja Dieckmann

Publications

Baumgart, S., Kreibich, V. (2011): Informal Urbanization - Historical and Geographical Perspectives. In: disP , 187 (4) [online access]

Changqing, Q., Kreibich, V., Baumgart, S. (2007): Informal Elements in Urban Growth Regulation in China - Urban Villages in Ningbo. In: Asien, 103, pp. 23-44 [online access]

Hackenbroch, K., Baumgart, S., Kreibich, V. (2009): The Spatiality of Livelihoods: Urban Public Space as an Asset for the Livelihoods of the Urban Poor in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In: Die Erde, 2009 (140, 1), pp. 47-68 [online access]

Hackenbroch, K. (2013): Negotiating public space for livelihoods: about risks, uncertainty and power in the urban poor’s everyday life . In: Erdkunde, 67 (1), pp. 37-47 [online access]

Hackenbroch, K. (2010): No Security for the Urban Poor - Contested Space in Low-income Settlements in Dhaka. In: Geographische Rundschau International Edition, 6 (2), pp. 44-49 [online access]

Hackenbroch, K., Hossain, M., Rahman, M. (2008): Coping with Forced Evictions - Adaptation Processes of Evicted Slum Dwellers in Dhaka. In: Trialog, 98 (3), pp. 17-23 [online access]

Hossain, S. (2008): Non-government organisation for rural poverty reduction: a critical review. Presented at the 10th Pacific Regional Science Conference Organisation (PRSCO) Summer Institute, Dhaka, 15-17 May 2008. In: 10th Pacific Regional Science Conference Organisation (PRSCO) [online access]

Hossain, S. (2010): Informal dynamics of a public utility: Rationality of the scene behind a screen. In: Habitat International, pp. 1-11 [online access]

Hossain, S. (2010): Dividing the ordinary: Negotiating water supply in an informal settlement of Dhaka. In: Rawani, A., Kettani, H.(Eds.): Proceeding of 2010 International Conference on Humanities, Historical and Social Science. World Academic Press, pp. 614-619 [online access]

Kreibich, V., Hill, A., Lindner, C., Hühner, T. (2008): Dar es Salaam, Tansania – Megacity der Zukunft. In: Geographische Rundschau, 60 (11), pp. 12-19 [online access]

Kreibich, V. (2010): The invisible hand - Informal urbanisation in major cities in Tanzania. In: Geographische Rundschau International Edition, 6 (2), pp. 38-43 [online access]

Kreibich, V. (2010): The mode of informal urbanisation - Reconciling social and statutory regulation in urban land management. In: McFarlane, C., Waibel, M.(Eds.): Urban informality in a globalising world: Reflections on the formal and informal, Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell (IJURR, Studies in Urban and Social Change) (forthcoming)